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"WHAT ARE COMPOSITES?"
Volume 4:
COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT
Many types of fabric are woven with different equipment to provide adapted reinforcement to optimize the composite structure.
| UNI-DIRECTIONAL FIBER |
UD
| BI-DIRECTIONAL FIBER |
Plain Weave (1/1)
3 HARNESS
(1/2)
4 HARNESS
(2/2)
4 HARNESS
(1/3)
5 HARNESS
(2/3)
5 HARNESS
(1/4)
| FIBER BRAIDING |
Braided 2D + 45º
Braided 3D + 45º + 0º
Mat Fiber
| FIBER – FILAMENT WINDING FROM 0º TO 90º |
Roving – Uni-Directional 0º Filament Winding
Roving – Helical 10º to 85 º ( + - )
Roving Circumferential 90º
| FIBER TAPE PLACEMENT |
Tape placement
Same as above but a UD tape is used instead of a roving from 1m/m to 100 m/m. Specific machine are used to perform this work .other then filament winding.
| THE CORE |
The core is a component which can be made of different materials. This material is shaped to an accurate geometry and used internally with the part to produce a finished product.
The following materials are used as a core component of the structure:
| WOOD CORE |
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| HONEYCOMB CORE |
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| FOAM CORE |
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| HOLLOW CORE |
| The following materials are used as a core to provide the geometry of the part and are dissolved after or removed. They are called hollow core because when the part is finished, the core no longer exists. |
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| TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCE ADVANCED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES WITH THERMOSET MATRIX | ||||||
THERMOSET |
Pallet |
Wet |
Long Fiber |
Short Fiber |
Pre-preg
with |
Sheet |
| Hand Lay Up Autoclave | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| Lay up Resin and Fiber by Projection | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||
| Molding with Press | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Hand lay up with Oven | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Compression Molding BMC | No | No | Yes | Yes | ||
| Compression Molding SMC | No | No | Yes | Yes | ||
| Filament Winding | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
| Pultrusion | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| Rotomolding | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ||
| Braiding | Yes, After Braiding | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| Continuous Lamination | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCE ADVANCED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES | ||||||
Elastomer Matrix |
Pallet |
Wet |
Long Fiber |
Short Fiber |
Pre-preg |
Casting |
| Polyurethane | Yes | Possible | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Rubber Matrix | Yes | Possible | Yes | No | Yes | |
Foam Matrix |
Pallet |
Wet |
Long Fiber |
Short Fiber |
Pre-preg |
Casting |
| Polyurethane | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Phenclic | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Acrylic | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| PVC | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Silicone | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| Polyethylene | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCE ADVANCED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES WITH THERMOPLASTIC MATRIX | ||||||
Thermoplastic Matrix & Fiber |
Pallet |
Wet |
Long Fiber |
Short Fiber |
Pre-preg with Thermo- plastic Resin |
Sheet Transformation |
| Thermoplastic Injection | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Filament Winding | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| Pultrusion | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| Compression Molding | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Sheet |
| Vacuum Forming | No | No | Yes | Yes | Sheet Only | |
| Braiding | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| Continuous Press Lamination | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Extrusion | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Sheet |
The thermoplastic foam and thermoplastic matrix material, after being produced in a block, sheet or other shape, can be thermoformed again and again and are easy to recycle.
This is the main difference between the thermoplastic resin and the Thermoset resin. Thermoset resin, after curing, cannot be reshaped and is very hard to recycle.
Legal Notice:
This material may not be published, broadcast, copied, rewritten or redistributed in any form without Composites Atlantic Limited authorization. Copyright ©2000 Composites Atlantic Limited. All rights reserved.
